Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WPSM_DB_Table::$table_name is deprecated in /var/www/html/wp-content/plugins/table-maker/inc/class-wpsm-db-table.php on line 13 Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WPSM_DB_Table::$old_table_name is deprecated in /var/www/html/wp-content/plugins/table-maker/inc/class-wpsm-db-table.php on line 14 Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WPSM_DB_Table::$db_version is deprecated in /var/www/html/wp-content/plugins/table-maker/inc/class-wpsm-db-table.php on line 15 Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /var/www/html/wp-content/plugins/table-maker/inc/class-wpsm-db-table.php:13) in /var/www/html/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1831 {"id":42,"date":"2016-03-28T19:29:02","date_gmt":"2016-03-28T18:29:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tpe-aerodynamique.trevalim.fr\/?page_id=42"},"modified":"2016-04-11T11:48:52","modified_gmt":"2016-04-11T10:48:52","slug":"partie-1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/tpe-aerodynamique.trevalim.fr\/partie-1\/","title":{"rendered":"I. Les int\u00e9r\u00eats de l’a\u00e9rodynamisme"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section global_module=\u00a0\u00bb58″ fullwidth=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb specialty=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb transparent_background=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb background_color=\u00a0\u00bb#eeee22″ allow_player_pause=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb inner_shadow=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb parallax=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb parallax_method=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb padding_mobile=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb make_fullwidth=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb use_custom_width=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb width_unit=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb make_equal=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb use_custom_gutter=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb module_id=\u00a0\u00bb2″][et_pb_row global_parent=\u00a0\u00bb58″ make_fullwidth=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb use_custom_width=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb width_unit=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb use_custom_gutter=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb padding_mobile=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb module_id=\u00a0\u00bb1″ allow_player_pause=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb parallax=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb parallax_method=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb make_equal=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4″][et_pb_cta global_parent=\u00a0\u00bb58″ admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbAppel d’action\u00a0\u00bb title=\u00a0\u00bbI. Les int\u00e9r\u00eats de l’a\u00e9rodynamisme\u00a0\u00bb url_new_window=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb use_background_color=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb background_color=\u00a0\u00bb#7EBEC5″ background_layout=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_orientation=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb body_line_height=\u00a0\u00bb2em\u00a0\u00bb use_border_color=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb border_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb custom_button=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb button_letter_spacing=\u00a0\u00bb0″ button_use_icon=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb button_icon_placement=\u00a0\u00bbright\u00a0\u00bb button_on_hover=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb button_letter_spacing_hover=\u00a0\u00bb0″ module_id=\u00a0\u00bb1″ \/][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section global_module=\u00a0\u00bb59″ fullwidth=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb specialty=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb transparent_background=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb background_color=\u00a0\u00bb#24e5cb\u00a0\u00bb allow_player_pause=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb inner_shadow=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb parallax=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb parallax_method=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb padding_mobile=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb make_fullwidth=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb use_custom_width=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb width_unit=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb make_equal=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb use_custom_gutter=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb module_id=\u00a0\u00bb2.1″][et_pb_row global_parent=\u00a0\u00bb59″ make_fullwidth=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb use_custom_width=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb width_unit=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb use_custom_gutter=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb padding_mobile=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb module_id=\u00a0\u00bb1.1″ allow_player_pause=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb parallax=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb parallax_method=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb make_equal=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4″][et_pb_cta global_parent=\u00a0\u00bb59″ admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbAppel d’action\u00a0\u00bb title=\u00a0\u00bba. L’origine de l’a\u00e9rodynamisme \u00a0\u00bb url_new_window=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb use_background_color=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb background_color=\u00a0\u00bb#7EBEC5″ background_layout=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_orientation=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb body_line_height=\u00a0\u00bb2em\u00a0\u00bb use_border_color=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb border_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb custom_button=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb button_letter_spacing=\u00a0\u00bb0″ button_use_icon=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb button_icon_placement=\u00a0\u00bbright\u00a0\u00bb button_on_hover=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb button_letter_spacing_hover=\u00a0\u00bb0″ module_id=\u00a0\u00bb1.1″ \/][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbsection\u00a0\u00bb fullwidth=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb specialty=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_row admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbrow\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2″][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbTexte\u00a0\u00bb background_layout=\u00a0\u00bblight\u00a0\u00bb text_orientation=\u00a0\u00bbjustified\u00a0\u00bb text_line_height=\u00a0\u00bb2em\u00a0\u00bb use_border_color=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb border_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb]
\nL’a\u00e9rodynamique a vu le jour \u00e0 la fin du XIX\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, lorsque les premiers pionniers de l’aviation ont tent\u00e9 de faire voler des engins \u00ab\u00a0plus lourds que l’air\u00a0\u00bb. En effet, le vol \u00e9tait connu depuis plus d’un si\u00e8cle avec les \u00ab\u00a0plus l\u00e9gers que l’air\u00a0\u00bb, c’est-\u00e0-dire les montgolfi\u00e8res et les ballons (la premi\u00e8re montgolfi\u00e8re a vol\u00e9 en 1782 \u00e0 Versailles, gr\u00e2ce aux fr\u00e8res Montgolfier). L’id\u00e9e que des engins plus lourds que l’air puissent voler paraissait irr\u00e9alisable pour beaucoup car le principe de l’aile n’\u00e9tait pas connu. Le premier vol au sens strict d’un avion eu lieu le 9 octobre 1890 en France, avec Cl\u00e9ment Ader et son prototype, l’Eole. C’est de lui que nous vient le mot avion. [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2″][et_pb_image admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbImage\u00a0\u00bb src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/tpe-aerodynamique.trevalim.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/1.jpg\u00a0\u00bb show_in_lightbox=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb url_new_window=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb sticky=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb align=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb force_fullwidth=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb always_center_on_mobile=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb use_border_color=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb border_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb] [\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbrow\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2″][et_pb_image admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbImage\u00a0\u00bb src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/tpe-aerodynamique.trevalim.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/2.jpg\u00a0\u00bb show_in_lightbox=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb url_new_window=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb sticky=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb align=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb force_fullwidth=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb always_center_on_mobile=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb use_border_color=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb border_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb] [\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2″][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbTexte\u00a0\u00bb background_layout=\u00a0\u00bblight\u00a0\u00bb text_orientation=\u00a0\u00bbjustified\u00a0\u00bb text_line_height=\u00a0\u00bb2em\u00a0\u00bb use_border_color=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb border_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb]
\nA cette \u00e9poque, on essaie d’abord de cr\u00e9er de la portance et on ne s’occupe pas de la tra\u00een\u00e9e car les avions et les voitures ne vont pas encore assez vite. Ce n’est que dans les ann\u00e9es 1910 que l’on va commencer \u00e0 profiler les fuselages et les carrosseries. Dans l’automobile, c’est le constructeur Peugeot qui va d\u00e9velopper cela pour la premi\u00e8re fois sur ces voitures \u00ab\u00a0de course\u00a0\u00bb. En effet, avec l’aide de Gustave Eiffel passionn\u00e9 par l’a\u00e9rodynamique, ils cr\u00e9ent une soufflerie, dans la tour Eiffel car celle-ci est menac\u00e9e de d\u00e9molition. Il pr\u00e9tend donc en faire un laboratoire en a\u00e9rodynamique. Il m\u00e8ne ses premi\u00e8res exp\u00e9riences sur la Peugeot L45 de course dont on profile toute la partie arri\u00e8re, une grande premi\u00e8re pour l’\u00e9poque.
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbsection\u00a0\u00bb fullwidth=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb specialty=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb transparent_background=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb background_color=\u00a0\u00bb#24e5cb\u00a0\u00bb allow_player_pause=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb inner_shadow=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb parallax=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb parallax_method=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb padding_mobile=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb make_fullwidth=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb use_custom_width=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb width_unit=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb make_equal=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb use_custom_gutter=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_row admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbrow\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4″][et_pb_cta admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbAppel d’action\u00a0\u00bb title=\u00a0\u00bbb. Son \u00e9volution jusqu’\u00e0 nos jours\u00a0\u00bb url_new_window=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb use_background_color=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb background_color=\u00a0\u00bb#7EBEC5″ background_layout=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_orientation=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb body_line_height=\u00a0\u00bb2em\u00a0\u00bb use_border_color=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb border_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb custom_button=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb button_letter_spacing=\u00a0\u00bb0″ button_use_icon=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb button_icon_placement=\u00a0\u00bbright\u00a0\u00bb button_on_hover=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb button_letter_spacing_hover=\u00a0\u00bb0″ module_id=\u00a0\u00bb1.2″] [\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbsection\u00a0\u00bb fullwidth=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb specialty=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_row admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbrow\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2″][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbTexte\u00a0\u00bb background_layout=\u00a0\u00bblight\u00a0\u00bb text_orientation=\u00a0\u00bbjustified\u00a0\u00bb text_line_height=\u00a0\u00bb2em\u00a0\u00bb use_border_color=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb border_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb]
\nL’a\u00e9rodynamique se d\u00e9veloppe ensuite tr\u00e8s rapidement, notamment gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale : alors que les premiers avions qui sont entr\u00e9s en guerre en 1914 n’\u00e9taient fait que de toile et de bois, et ne disposait pas d’un fuselage profil\u00e9, les avions entr\u00e9s en guerre en 1918 \u00e9taient construits en acier et avaient une forme de goutte d’eau.
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2″][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbTexte\u00a0\u00bb background_layout=\u00a0\u00bblight\u00a0\u00bb text_orientation=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_line_height=\u00a0\u00bb2em\u00a0\u00bb use_border_color=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb border_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

\"3\"<\/a><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbrow\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2″][et_pb_image admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbImage\u00a0\u00bb src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/tpe-aerodynamique.trevalim.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/4.jpg\u00a0\u00bb show_in_lightbox=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb url_new_window=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb sticky=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb align=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb force_fullwidth=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb always_center_on_mobile=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb use_border_color=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb border_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb] [\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2″][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbTexte\u00a0\u00bb background_layout=\u00a0\u00bblight\u00a0\u00bb text_orientation=\u00a0\u00bbjustified\u00a0\u00bb text_line_height=\u00a0\u00bb2em\u00a0\u00bb use_border_color=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb border_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb]
\nApr\u00e8s la Grande Guerre, l’a\u00e9rodynamique s’\u00e9tend \u00e0 l’automobile o\u00f9 l\u00e0 encore, on tente de r\u00e9duire la tra\u00een\u00e9e. Les roues, qui \u00e9taient alors laiss\u00e9es \u00e0 l’air libre, faisaient obstacle au flux d’air, on les a donc car\u00e9n\u00e9es, c’est-\u00e0-dire recouvertes par la carrosserie. Les voitures utilisaient aussi la forme de la goutte d’eau.
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbrow\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4″][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbTexte\u00a0\u00bb background_layout=\u00a0\u00bblight\u00a0\u00bb text_orientation=\u00a0\u00bbjustified\u00a0\u00bb text_line_height=\u00a0\u00bb2em\u00a0\u00bb use_border_color=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb border_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb text_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb14″]
\nEncore une fois, c’est la guerre qui va consid\u00e9rablement acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les technologies, dont l’a\u00e9rodynamique. A la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, on d\u00e9couvre de nouveaux types d’ailes. Autrefois tous les avions \u00e9taient \u00e9quip\u00e9s de voilure \u00ab\u00a0droites\u00a0\u00bb, on invente alors les ailes en fl\u00e8ches, qui sont aujourd’hui les plus utilis\u00e9es, comme sur les avions de ligne avec l\u2019exemple de l\u2019airbus A320 que nous avons utilis\u00e9 sur SolidWorks<\/p>\n

\"5\"<\/a><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbrow\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_3″][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbTexte\u00a0\u00bb background_layout=\u00a0\u00bblight\u00a0\u00bb text_orientation=\u00a0\u00bbjustified\u00a0\u00bb text_line_height=\u00a0\u00bb2em\u00a0\u00bb use_border_color=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb border_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb]
\nL’aile delta appara\u00eet par la suite, d’abord aux Etats-Unis puis dans le monde entier. L’aile delta est particuli\u00e8rement adapt\u00e9e au vol supersonique, c’est pourquoi de nombreux avions de chasse l’adoptent. Pour les avions de ligne, seul le c\u00e9l\u00e8bre Concorde et le Tupolev 144 ont utilis\u00e9 cette solution, car ils volaient \u00e0 des vitesses supersoniques (2 179 km\/h pour le concorde).
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_3″][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbTexte\u00a0\u00bb background_layout=\u00a0\u00bblight\u00a0\u00bb text_orientation=\u00a0\u00bbjustified\u00a0\u00bb text_line_height=\u00a0\u00bb2em\u00a0\u00bb use_border_color=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb border_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb]
\nDepuis la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, tous les avions rapides (au-del\u00e0 de 600 km\/h) abandonnent les ailes droites pour adopter l’une ou l’autre de ces solutions. Dans les ann\u00e9es cinquante et soixante, d\u2019autres types d\u2019ailes sont essay\u00e9es, notamment les ailes \u00e0 g\u00e9om\u00e9trie variable, qui permettaient \u00e0 l’avion d’avoir soit des ailes droites, soit des ailes en fl\u00e8che.
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_3″][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbTexte\u00a0\u00bb background_layout=\u00a0\u00bblight\u00a0\u00bb text_orientation=\u00a0\u00bbjustified\u00a0\u00bb text_line_height=\u00a0\u00bb2em\u00a0\u00bb use_border_color=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb border_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb]
\nPlus r\u00e9cemment (dans les ann\u00e9es quatre-vingt) le constructeur russe Sukho\u00ef testa des ailes en fl\u00e8che invers\u00e9e mais ce projet n’aboutit \u00e0 rien, de m\u00eame que bien d’autres tests, comme l’aile oblique, qui pouvait pivoter pendant le vol.
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbrow\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_3″][et_pb_image admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbImage\u00a0\u00bb src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/tpe-aerodynamique.trevalim.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/6.jpg\u00a0\u00bb show_in_lightbox=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb url_new_window=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb sticky=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb align=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb force_fullwidth=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb always_center_on_mobile=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb use_border_color=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb border_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb] [\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_3″][et_pb_image admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbImage\u00a0\u00bb src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/tpe-aerodynamique.trevalim.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/7.jpg\u00a0\u00bb show_in_lightbox=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb url_new_window=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb sticky=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb align=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb force_fullwidth=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb always_center_on_mobile=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb use_border_color=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb border_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb] [\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_3″][et_pb_image admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbImage\u00a0\u00bb src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/tpe-aerodynamique.trevalim.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/8.jpg\u00a0\u00bb show_in_lightbox=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb url_new_window=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb sticky=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb align=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb force_fullwidth=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb always_center_on_mobile=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb use_border_color=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb border_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb] [\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbrow\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4″][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbTexte\u00a0\u00bb background_layout=\u00a0\u00bblight\u00a0\u00bb text_orientation=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb text_line_height=\u00a0\u00bb2em\u00a0\u00bb use_border_color=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb border_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb text_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb14″]
\nEn somme voici tous les principaux types d’ailes :<\/p>\n

\"9\"<\/a><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbrow\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2″][et_pb_image admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbImage\u00a0\u00bb src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/tpe-aerodynamique.trevalim.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/10.jpg\u00a0\u00bb show_in_lightbox=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb url_new_window=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb sticky=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb align=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb force_fullwidth=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb always_center_on_mobile=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb use_border_color=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb border_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb] [\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2″][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbTexte\u00a0\u00bb background_layout=\u00a0\u00bblight\u00a0\u00bb text_orientation=\u00a0\u00bbjustified\u00a0\u00bb text_line_height=\u00a0\u00bb2em\u00a0\u00bb use_border_color=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb border_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb]
\nDans le domaine automobile, on d\u00e9cide d’appliquer le principe de la portance, mais dans le sens inverse ; on d\u00e9veloppe la d\u00e9portance pour permettre aux voitures une meilleure adh\u00e9rence \u00e0 la piste et donc plus de stabilit\u00e9 surtout dans les virages. On installe alors des ailerons \u00e0 l\u2019arri\u00e8re et \u00e0 l\u2019avant des voitures, les Formules 1 furent les premi\u00e8res b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires de cette innovation vers la fin des ann\u00e9es soixante.
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbrow\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2″][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbTexte\u00a0\u00bb background_layout=\u00a0\u00bblight\u00a0\u00bb text_orientation=\u00a0\u00bbjustified\u00a0\u00bb text_line_height=\u00a0\u00bb2em\u00a0\u00bb use_border_color=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb border_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb]
\nAujourd’hui, ces ailerons ont bien \u00e9volu\u00e9 et sont d\u00e9sormais appliqu\u00e9s sur de nombreuses voitures de sport, de course ou de s\u00e9rie. Ils sont m\u00eame parfois r\u00e9tractables : on appelle cela de l’a\u00e9rodynamique active.
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2″][et_pb_image admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbImage\u00a0\u00bb src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/tpe-aerodynamique.trevalim.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/11.jpg\u00a0\u00bb show_in_lightbox=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb url_new_window=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb sticky=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb align=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb force_fullwidth=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb always_center_on_mobile=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb use_border_color=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb border_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb] [\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbrow\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4″][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbTexte\u00a0\u00bb background_layout=\u00a0\u00bblight\u00a0\u00bb text_orientation=\u00a0\u00bbjustified\u00a0\u00bb text_line_height=\u00a0\u00bb2em\u00a0\u00bb use_border_color=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb border_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb text_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb14″]
\nL’a\u00e9rodynamisme poss\u00e8de une telle importance de nos jours que la France poss\u00e8de la plus grande soufflerie du monde. La soufflerie de Modane, par l’ONERA, a test\u00e9 les maquettes des plus grands programmes a\u00e9ronautiques fran\u00e7ais et europ\u00e9ens comme le Concorde, les Airbus, le Mirage, le Falcon, le Rafale, et bien d’autres encore. [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbsection\u00a0\u00bb fullwidth=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb specialty=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb transparent_background=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb background_color=\u00a0\u00bb#24e5cb\u00a0\u00bb allow_player_pause=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb inner_shadow=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb parallax=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb parallax_method=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb padding_mobile=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb make_fullwidth=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb use_custom_width=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb width_unit=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb make_equal=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb use_custom_gutter=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_row admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbrow\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4″][et_pb_cta admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbAppel d’action\u00a0\u00bb title=\u00a0\u00bbc. Les tests actuels\u00a0\u00bb url_new_window=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb use_background_color=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb background_color=\u00a0\u00bb#7EBEC5″ background_layout=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_orientation=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb body_line_height=\u00a0\u00bb2em\u00a0\u00bb use_border_color=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb border_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb custom_button=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb button_letter_spacing=\u00a0\u00bb0″ button_use_icon=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb button_icon_placement=\u00a0\u00bbright\u00a0\u00bb button_on_hover=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb button_letter_spacing_hover=\u00a0\u00bb0″ module_id=\u00a0\u00bb1.3″] [\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbsection\u00a0\u00bb fullwidth=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb specialty=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_row admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbrow\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4″][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbTexte\u00a0\u00bb background_layout=\u00a0\u00bblight\u00a0\u00bb text_orientation=\u00a0\u00bbjustified\u00a0\u00bb text_line_height=\u00a0\u00bb2em\u00a0\u00bb use_border_color=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb border_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb]
\nLa plupart des tests a\u00e9rodynamiques sont effectu\u00e9s en soufflerie pour l’aviation et l’automobile, c’est pour cette raison qu’aujourd’hui de nombreuses souffleries ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construite. Notamment chez les constructeurs automobiles car les nouveaux objectifs de consommation de carburant et de pollution les obligent \u00e0 optimiser la forme de leurs v\u00e9hicules. Actuellement de nombreuses entreprises utilisent la simulation num\u00e9rique suite au progr\u00e8s des nouvelles technologies comme nous l’a permis Flow Works sur SolidWorks que nous vous pr\u00e9senterons en fin de dossier. Bien entendu cette technique de simulation n’est que compl\u00e9mentaire face aux souffleries et aux tests r\u00e9els qui sont r\u00e9alisables par diff\u00e9rentes techniques. On rel\u00e8ve notamment l’utilisation de tubes de Pitot, ils permettent de mesurer la vitesse d’un flux d’air \u00e0 un endroit sp\u00e9cifique par diff\u00e9renciation de pression de l’air. De plus il existe des peintures flow-viz (pour flow visualization) qui consistent en une goutte d’huile m\u00e9lang\u00e9e \u00e0 un colorant. On d\u00e9pose cette goutte \u00e0 un endroit pr\u00e9cis sur le v\u00e9hicule pour qu\u2019avec la vitesse du flux d’air elle cr\u00e9e une trace. Ces techniques sont notamment utilis\u00e9es en Formule 1 et en aviation :
\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbsection\u00a0\u00bb fullwidth=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb specialty=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_fullwidth_slider admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbCurseur de d\u00e9filement plein \u00e9cran\u00a0\u00bb show_arrows=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb show_pagination=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb auto=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb auto_speed=\u00a0\u00bb4000″ parallax=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb parallax_method=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb remove_inner_shadow=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb background_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_size=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb hide_content_on_mobile=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb hide_cta_on_mobile=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb show_image_video_mobile=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb body_line_height=\u00a0\u00bb2em\u00a0\u00bb custom_button=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb button_letter_spacing=\u00a0\u00bb0″ button_use_icon=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb button_icon_placement=\u00a0\u00bbright\u00a0\u00bb button_on_hover=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb button_letter_spacing_hover=\u00a0\u00bb0″ auto_ignore_hover=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb] [et_pb_slide heading=\u00a0\u00bbFlow-viz sur une formule 1 \u00a0\u00bb background_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_size=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb background_layout=\u00a0\u00bblight\u00a0\u00bb allow_player_pause=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb header_font_select=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb body_font_select=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_button=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb button_font_select=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb button_icon_placement=\u00a0\u00bbright\u00a0\u00bb button_on_hover=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb image=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/tpe-aerodynamique.trevalim.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/12-1.jpg\u00a0\u00bb] [\/et_pb_slide][et_pb_slide heading=\u00a0\u00bbSondes pitos sur une formule 1 \u00a0\u00bb background_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_size=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb background_layout=\u00a0\u00bblight\u00a0\u00bb allow_player_pause=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb header_font_select=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb body_font_select=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_button=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb button_font_select=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb button_icon_placement=\u00a0\u00bbright\u00a0\u00bb button_on_hover=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb image=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/tpe-aerodynamique.trevalim.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/13-1.jpg\u00a0\u00bb] [\/et_pb_slide][et_pb_slide heading=\u00a0\u00bbSondes pitos sur une formule 1 \u00a0\u00bb background_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_size=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb background_layout=\u00a0\u00bblight\u00a0\u00bb allow_player_pause=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb header_font_select=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb body_font_select=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_button=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb button_font_select=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb button_icon_placement=\u00a0\u00bbright\u00a0\u00bb button_on_hover=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb image=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/tpe-aerodynamique.trevalim.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/14-1.png\u00a0\u00bb] [\/et_pb_slide] [\/et_pb_fullwidth_slider][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbsection\u00a0\u00bb fullwidth=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb specialty=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_row admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbrow\u00a0\u00bb make_fullwidth=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb use_custom_width=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb width_unit=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb use_custom_gutter=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb padding_mobile=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb allow_player_pause=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb parallax=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb parallax_method=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb make_equal=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4″][et_pb_cta admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbAppel d’action\u00a0\u00bb button_url=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/tpe-aerodynamique.trevalim.fr\/partie-2\/\u00a0\u00bb url_new_window=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb button_text=\u00a0\u00bbSuite\u00a0\u00bb use_background_color=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb background_color=\u00a0\u00bb#7EBEC5″ background_layout=\u00a0\u00bblight\u00a0\u00bb text_orientation=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb body_line_height=\u00a0\u00bb2em\u00a0\u00bb use_border_color=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb border_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb custom_button=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb button_letter_spacing=\u00a0\u00bb0″ button_use_icon=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb button_icon_placement=\u00a0\u00bbright\u00a0\u00bb button_on_hover=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb button_letter_spacing_hover=\u00a0\u00bb0″] [\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section global_module=\u00a0\u00bb352″ admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbSection\u00a0\u00bb fullwidth=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb specialty=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb transparent_background=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb allow_player_pause=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb inner_shadow=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb parallax=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb parallax_method=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb padding_mobile=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb make_fullwidth=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb use_custom_width=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb width_unit=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb make_equal=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb use_custom_gutter=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb gutter_width=\u00a0\u00bb3″][et_pb_row global_parent=\u00a0\u00bb352″ admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbLigne\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4″][et_pb_code global_parent=\u00a0\u00bb352″ admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbCode\u00a0\u00bb]